study guide

Exam 1 Study Guide
Anthropology 101
Midterm 1 Study Guide
The exam will consist of 60 multiple choice questions worth 1 point each and 2 short essay questions (worth 10 points each, one essay and one punnett square) and one long essay question (worth 20 points). Please bring a scantron (“green” form no. 882-E) and a #2 pencil. Room will be provided on the exam for you to write your essays. This exam will based on the course lectures and your textbook. Do more than simply define or describe a given concept. Try to realize why these topics are important and how they relate to other ideas as well as to the field of anthropology as a whole…. Good Luck and study well.
Chapter 1 – Introduction: What is Biological Anthropology
Anthropology
Anthropological Perspective
Subdivisions of Anthropology
Subfields of Biological Anthropology
Cultural Anthropology
Biocultural Anthropology
Biocultural Evolution
Ethnocentrism
Enculturation and Acculturation
Culture
Cultural Anthropology
Evolution
Ethnography and Ethnology
Linguistic Anthropology
Archaeology
Applied Anthropology
Chapter 2 – Origins of Evolutionary Thought
Fixity of Species
Great Chain of Being
Grand Design
Renaissance
Reason
Logic
John Ray
Carolus Linnaeus
Comte de Buffon
Georges Cuvier
Thomas Malthus
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
Charles Lyell
Uniformitarianism
Alfred Russel Wallace
Charles Darwin
Fitness
Mutation
Herbert Spencer
The Scientific Method
Fact vs. Theory
Criteria of a Theory
Epistemology
Quantified and Qualified Data
Chapter 3 – Genetics: Cells and Molecules
Micro and Macro-Evolution
Genetics
The Cell
Somatic Cells
Gametes
Stem Cells
DNA
Nucleotide
Proteins
Amino Acids
RNA Protein Synthesis
Ribosomes
DNA Structure and Function
Codon
Gene
Introns and Exons
Transcription/Translation Process
Mitosis and Meiosis
Centromere
Diploid and Haploid
Homologous Chromosomes
Alleles
Homozygous and Heterozygous
Zygote
Crossing Over/Recombination
Sex Chromosomes
Nondisjunction Error
Chapter 4 – Genetics: From Genotype to Phenotype
Structural Genes
Regulatory Genes
Genotype and Phenotype
ABO Blood System
Mendelian Terminology
Law of Segregation
Law of Independent Assortment
Linkage
Types of Mutations
X-Linked Disorders
Polygenic Traits
Pleiotropy
Heritability
Hemizygous
Chapter 5 – The Forces of Evolution and the Formation of Species
Natural Selection
Types of Natural Selection
Darwinian Fitness
Darwinian Mortality
Darwinian Fertility
Sexual Dimorphism
Mutations
Gene Flow
Deme
Genetic Drift
Systematics
Homology
Analogous
Convergent/Parallel Evolution
Ancestral
Derived
Phylogeny
Cladogram
Species Concepts
Gene Pool
Reproductive Isolating Mechanisms
Anagenesis and Cladogenesis
Types of Speciation
Gradualism and Punctuated Equilibrium
Adaptation
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium
Levels of Selection
Sociobiology
PUNNET SQUARES:
T=Tall, t = Short, Y = Yellow, and g = Green
Parental Genotypes: TtYY x ttgg

Genotypic Ratio:

Phenotypic Ratio:

T=Tall, t = Short, Y = Yellow, and g = Green
Parental Genotypes: ttYg x TtYg

Genotypic Ratio:

Phenotypic Ratio:


Possible Short Essay Questions:
1. Discuss the process of science and explain how it is an empirical and self-correcting process. Provide an example to illustrate the steps of the scientific method.
2. Explain the DNA structure and functions at a molecular level. What are the four characteristics of DNA?